Topic 1: Direct and Indirect Speech (Statements)
Direct speech reports the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports what was said without quoting exactly, changing pronouns and ten
Core concept
Direct speech uses quotation marks to show the exact words spoken, like: She said, "I am tired."
How it works
Indirect (reported) speech conveys the same meaning without quotation marks, like: She said that she was tired.
Why it matters
When changing direct to indirect speech, pronouns often change (I to she/he) and tense often shifts backward (am to was).
Key detail
Understanding direct and indirect speech is useful for reporting conversations accurately in writing and everyday communication.
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Key diagram

- A direct-speech sentence and its reported version with changes circled.
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Quick notes
• Direct speech: exact words, quotation marks.
• Example: She said, "I am tired."
• Indirect speech: reported meaning, no quotes.
• Example: She said that she was tired.
• Pronouns often change (I to she/he).
• Tense often shifts backward (am to was).
• This helps report conversations accurately.
• Useful in writing and communication.